The Next Generation EU initiative, launched by the European Union in 2021, aims to help Member States overcome the economic, social and environmental challenges of the post-pandemic period. But how can we assess the impact of such an initiative and measure the success of such wide-ranging actions? Amélie Barbier-Gauchard, a lecturer and researcher in macroeconomics at the Bureau d’économie théorique et appliquée (BETA) and co-director of the Institut thématique interdisciplinaire Fabrique de la société européenne | Makers, analyses these research topics